WSN

As technology increases in society, the use of wireless sensors has to turned into a critical thing. Sensors link the world physically by integrating numerous devices. It also provides a tremendous social benefit. Hundreds of sensor nodes is already being used in large areas to monitor forecasting, environmental pollution, flooding, healthcare, farming.

The perception of WSNs was projected by the U.S. military as early as the 1970s. Since then, numerous research projects, applications, and theories about WSNs have come forth. In the 1970s, the first generation of sensor networks has emerged with various prototypes of sensor networks with a conventional point to point transmission. A system of acoustic sensors on the ocean bottom, for Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) was built by the USA to detect and follow Soviet submarines. This technology is now used by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for monitoring events in the ocean such as undersea wildlife and volcanic actions.

In 1979, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of the USA launched the Distributed Sensor Networks Program (DSN). These included sensors (acoustic), communication, processing techniques and algorithms (including self-location algorithms for sensors) and disturbed software.

 With the beginning of DSN and its succession into academia through partnering universities such as Carnegie Mellon University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Lincoln Labs, the WSN technology quickly established a home in academia and civilian scientific research. Additional efforts were taken in these institutes to add protocols for network interprocess communication to maintain dynamic rebinding of active communicating computations. MIT Lincoln Laboratory developed the real-time tested for acoustic tracking of low-flying aircraft for demonstrations. Communication was by Ethernet and microwave radio. That was the status of the art at the beginning of 1980.

Later on, this arose as an interest with the DARPA Low-Power Wireless Integrated Micro Sensors (LWIM) project in the mid of 1990 and persistent with the inauguration of the SenseIT project in 1998, which generally focused on wireless, ad-hoc networks for the large distributed military sensor system. It is considered as the second generation sensor networks.

With the continuous growth of related technologies such as microelectronics, wireless communications, network transmission, from the end of the 20th century, WSNs have fascinated ample attention from academia, military, and industries, which really set off a high wave of the development of WSNs technologies.

Governments and Universities eventually began using WSNs in applications. Many projects have been implemented and many applications have been deployed in various fields, which include military, urban transportation, environment monitoring, intelligence home, health care, air quality monitoring, forest fire detection, urban transportation, natural disaster prevention, weather stations, structural monitoring, public safety monitoring, etc.